The M.33 Monitor was a twin-engine British target tug aircraft designed and built by Miles Aircraft towards the end of the Second World War.
Intended for use by the Royal Air Force and the Fleet Air Arm, the aircraft did not enter service with either.
The Monitor came about as a response to Specification Q9/42 for a twin-engined high-speed target tug for the Royal Air Force.
The specification called for a towing speed of not less than 300 mph (480 km/h), be capable of 90 mph while streaming targets, an endurance of 3–4 hours and most unusually be capable of being dismantled and fitted into standard packing crates.
Two prototypes were ordered; the first prototype (Serial Number NF900) first flew on 5 April 1944 and was capable of reaching 360 mph (580 km/h).
The Monitor was a high-winged aircraft with an all-metal fuselage and wooden wings.
It was originally stipulated that the aircraft would incorporate the Bristol Beaufighter wing and landing gear to speed up design and production but owing to increased demand for the Beaufighter only the landing gear was used, and a new all-wood one-piece wing was designed.
The aircraft was powered by two Wright Cyclone R-2600-31 radial engines driving Hamilton Standard Hydromatic propellers.
It was fitted with a novel hydraulic winch as the normal windlasses could not be used at speeds of much more than 150 mph (240 km/h), while the Monitor was required to tow targets at double this speed.
The original requirement for a target towing aircraft for the RAF was abandoned, and the orders for Monitors was taken over by the Fleet Air Arm, who required an aircraft capable of simulating dive-bombing attacks on warships.
To meet this requirement the aircraft, fitted with hydraulically actuated dive brakes, nose cameras for marking Fleet gunnery, a dorsal midship cupola and radar equipment was used to accurately determine height was known as the Monitor TT Mk II.
The Monitor’s 10 hp (7.5 kW) winch was fitted with 6,000 ft (1,800 m) of towing cable and was capable of towing flag and sleeve targets as well as 16 and 32 ft (4.9 and 9.8 m) -span special winged targets.
Spare targets were stowed on board and could be changed in flight, while winged targets were towed off the ground on a 250 ft (76 m) line.
At the end of the war, contracts for 600 Monitors were cancelled, only 20 in total were built.
As with all aircraft for service use, the Monitor was evaluated by the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) at RAF Boscombe Down.
The first received at the A&AEE (NF900) caught fire during a landing in August 1944 killing one crew member, the second prototype (NF904) made a wheel up landing at the A&AEE in August 1945, and NP409 on Intensive Flying crashed into the sea in August 1945 killing both crews.
None entered service and all survivors were scrapped.
Variants
Monitor TT Mk I
Prototype target tug for the Royal Air Force, one built.
