The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9 was the first turbojet fighter developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich in the years immediately after World War II.
It used reverse-engineered German BMW 003 engines.
Categorized as a first-generation jet fighter, it was moderately successful, but suffered from persistent problems with engine flameouts when firing its guns at high altitudes due to gun gas ingestion.
In February 1945, the Council of People’s Commissars ordered the Mikoyan-Gurevich (MiG) OKB to develop a single-seat jet fighter to be equipped with two German BMW 003 engines.
Intended to destroy bombers, the aircraft was to be equipped with a single 57-millimeter (2.2 in) or 37-millimeter (1.5 in) gun, plus two 23-millimeter (0.9 in) guns.
A more detailed directive was issued on 9 April setting out requirements that the aircraft should have a maximum speed of 900 kilometres per hour (559 mph) at sea level and a speed of 910 km/h (565 mph) at an altitude of 5,000 meters (16,400 ft).
It should be able to climb to that altitude in four minutes or less and it should have a maximum range of 820 kilometres (510 mi).
Three prototypes were ordered to be ready for flight tests by 15 March 1946.
The OKB chose a “pod-and-boom” layout for their new fighter, the I-300 (also called the Izdeliye F (model or product F) by the OKB) because it offered the advantages of improved landing performance and better visibility from the cockpit when landing but it had some drawbacks, such as the unfamiliar tricycle arrangement of the landing gear, protecting the rear fuselage from the jet exhaust, and where to place the aircraft’s armament.
The all-metal aircraft had unswept, mid-mounted wings with two prominent air intakes in the nose.
Its two-spar wings were fitted with slotted flaps and Frise ailerons.
Its powerplant comprised two RD-20 turbojets, which were Soviet-manufactured versions of the BMW 003.
The two engines were located behind the cockpit in the lower fuselage, with the exhaust exiting under the tail unit.
A steel laminate heatshield was installed on the bottom of the rear fuselage to protect it from the exhaust gasses.
There were four bag-type fuel tanks in the fuselage and three in each wing, providing a total internal fuel capacity of 1,625 litres (429 US gallons).
The cockpit was not pressurized.
The planned armament consisted of a 57 mm NL-57 cannon mounted in the centreline engine intake bulkhead and two 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 autocannon mounted on the lower lip of the air intakes.
The N-57 gun was provided with 28 rounds and the two NS-23 cannons had 80 rounds each.
Construction of the three prototypes began in late 1945 and the first prototype began manufacturer’s testing on 30 December.
The ground testing revealed that the engine exhaust caused a low-pressure area under the rear fuselage which caused the fighter to tilt tail-down during engine tests.
The rigidly mounted heatshield caused the underside of the rear fuselage to deform because the steel and the duralumin skin of the fuselage had different expansion ratios when heated.
The rear fuselage and the heatshield were both redesigned to eliminate these problems.
On 23 March the prototype was trucked to the Flight Research Institute (LII)’s airfield at Ramenskoye to begin preparations for flight testing.
MiG won and the I-300’s first flight lasted six minutes.
These early flights revealed problems with the stability of the aircraft and vibration problems with the new articulated heatshield.
It was stiffened before the twelfth flight, but that only partially cured the problem.
The first aircraft crashed, killing the pilot.
During a demonstration in front of high-ranking officials on July 11, the attachment lugs of the wing leading edge fairings failed, and they hit the horizontal stabilizers.
The remaining two prototypes began flight testing the following month, but preparations for the 7 November parade commemorating the October Revolution delayed the start of the State acceptance trials until 17 December.
Meanwhile, the horizontal stabilizer of the second prototype disintegrated during flight, but the pilot was able to land the aircraft safely.
Another such incident happened to the third prototype in February 1947 and forced the tail to be reinforced.
The aircraft was given the service designation of MiG-9 (internal OKB designations of I-301 and Izdeliye FS) and a small batch of ten aircraft, equipped with original German engines, was ordered during 1946 from Factory No. 1 in Kazan before flight testing was completed.
They were intended to be used in the parade, but bad weather forced the cancellation of their flypast.
Two of them were assigned to participate in the state acceptance trials while others were used as testbeds for various programs.
The trials were concluded in June and the MiG-9 generally met the performance goals set by the Council of People’s Commissars.
The test pilots found the fighter easy and simple to fly.
Defects noted during testing were that the engines flamed out when firing the cannon at high altitudes due to gun gas ingestion, no ejection seat was fitted, nor were air brakes or a fire suppression system.
The fuel tanks were not self-sealing, and no armour was provided for the pilot.
Despite these drawbacks, the MiG-9 was ordered into production at Factory No. 1 before the acceptance tests were completed as the Soviet leadership believed that its shortcomings could be rectified during production.
A batch of 50 aircraft, 40 single-seat fighters and 10 two-seat trainers, were ordered in late 1946 to participate in the 1947 May Day parade.
In recognition of their accomplishment Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich were awarded the Stalin Prize in 1947.
The two-seat trainer had the internal OKB designations of I-301T and Izdeliye FT and the first prototype was converted from one of the “parade” aircraft during 1946.
Its fuel capacity had to be reduced by one third to make room for the second tandem cockpit.
Dual controls were fitted along with an intercom to allow the instructor and student to communicate in the air.
Each man had an ejection seat designed after that used by the Germans in their Heinkel He 162 fighters.
This aircraft was delivered on 17 January 1947, although flight testing was not completed until 5 April.
The ejection seats were not tested in the air, but they required extensive testing on the ground to ensure the proper operation of the seat. State acceptance trials were not completed until 2 June and the aircraft was rejected because of the poor visibility from the rear cockpit.
A second aircraft was completed on 15 July and the visibility from the rear cockpit was improved by replacing the original bulletproof windscreen with a larger glass plate, reshaping the canopy’s side panels, and removing a partition between the cockpits.
This aircraft was fitted with air brakes in the wings and two 260-litre (57 imp gal; 69 US gal) drop tanks hung under its wingtips.
It passed its state acceptance trials later in 1947 and was recommended for production with the service designation of UTI MiG-9.
The ejection seats were extensively tested during 1948 and approved for use, but by this time the aircraft was deemed obsolete and there was no point in building a training version.
The order for 50 aircraft placed in 1946 was modified to 48 single seaters and one aircraft for the OKB itself, all lacking armament.
They were manufactured in March–April 1947 with the standard armament of one 37 mm Nudelman N-37 autocannon, with 40 rounds, and two 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 guns, but the production line shut down afterward to incorporate some of the desired changes.
These included reinforcement and enlargement of the vertical tail to improve lateral stability; air brakes were added on the wings and the fuel system was improved.
The underside of the rear fuselage was recontoured to smooth the air flow of the engine exhaust and air suction inside the fuselage was eliminated.
Production restarted and a total of 243 single seaters were completed during the remainder of the year.
250 fighters and 60 trainers were scheduled to be built in 1948, but production was disrupted by preparations to begin manufacture of the vastly superior MiG-15 later that year.
Only 302 fighters were delivered that year before production ceased.
The fourth and fifth aircraft of the parade batch were used in flight tests to eliminate the engine flameout problem from late 1947 through early 1948.
They were fitted with a prominent rectangular hollow vane on the barrel of the N-37 cannon that was nicknamed the “butterfly”.
This allowed all three cannons to be fired simultaneously at altitudes up to 10,100 meters (33,100 ft), but the fin disintegrated after only 813 shots, which could be very dangerous if the debris from the fin was ingested by the engines.
An additional problem was that the fin hampered the directional stability of the aircraft and caused it to yaw after 3–5 shots.
Another attempt to fix the problem was made in the I-302 (Izdeliye FP), a modification of a production aircraft, that moved the N-37 to the port side of the aircraft, but this was apparently not successful either.
Other attempts to ameliorate the problem included fitting a muzzle brake on the N-37 as well as extending its barrel, but nothing worked.
Variants
I-300
Prototype, three built
MiG-9 / FS / I-301
The only production variant, equipped with RD-20 or RD-21 engines
MiG-9 / FP / I-302
One prototype with the N-37 cannon moved to the side of the fuselage
MiG-9 / FL / I-305
One prototype with Lyulka TR-1 engine, not completed
MiG-9 / FF / I-307
Two prototypes with afterburning RD-20F or RD-21 engines
MiG-9 / FN / I-320
One prototype with a Rolls-Royce Nene engine, not completed
MiG-9L / FK
One aircraft modified to test the avionics for the Raduga KS-1 Komet air-launched anti-shipping cruise missile
MiG-9M / FR / I-308
One prototype with RD-21 engines
MiG-9UTI / FT / I-301T
Two-seat training aircraft, only two built.
Specifications
Crew
1
Length
9.75 m (32 ft 0 in)
Wingspan
10 m (32 ft 10 in)
Height
3.225 m (10 ft 7 in)
Wing area
18.2 m2 (196 sq ft)
Airfoil
Root
TsAGI IA10
Tip
TsAGI IV10
Empty weight
3,283 kg (7,238 lb)
Gross weight
4,860 kg (10,714 lb)
Fuel capacity
1,625 l (429 US gal; 357 imp gal)
Powerplant
2 × RD-20 axial-flow turbojet engines,
7.80 kN (1,754 lbf) thrust each
Performance
Maximum speed
864 km/h (537 mph, 467 kn) at sea level
Maximum speed
Mach 0.7
910 km/h (570 mph; 490 kn) at 4,500 m (14,764 ft) Mach 0.74
Never exceed speed
1,050 km/h (650 mph, 570 kn) / Mach 0.85
Range
800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi)
Service ceiling
13,000 m (43,000 ft)
G limits
+6
Rate of climb
22 m/s (4,300 ft/min)
Wing loading
267 kg/m2 (55 lb/sq ft)
Armament
1 × 37 mm (1.457 in) Nudelman N-37 auto cannon extending from nose intake divider
2 × 23 mm (0.906 in) Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 auto cannon extending from undersides of nose intake.
